Elimination of photon quenching by a transition layer to fabricate a quenching-shield sandwich structure for 800 nm excited upconversion luminescence of Nd³⁺-sensitized nanoparticles

Nd³⁺-sensitized quenching-shield sandwich-structured upconversion nanoparticles are reported, which exhibit highly efficient upconversion photoluminescence under excitation by an 800 nm continuous-wave laser. The transition-layer structure is essential to bridge energy transfer from the sensitizer to the activator and simultaneously block energy back-transfer from the activator to the sensitizer. These 800 nm-excited upconversion nanoparticles are a key step toward the development of upconversion nanophosphors for biological applications.