TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Wound Contamination on Outcomes of Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Using Acellular Dermal Matrix
T2 - 14-Year Experience with More than 700 Patients
AU - Hassan, Abbas M.
AU - Asaad, Malke
AU - Seitz, Allison J.
AU - Liu, Jun
AU - Butler, Charles E.
N1 - Copyright © 2021 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - BACKGROUND: Patients with contaminated/dirty-infected defects are at high risk for postoperative complications after abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). We evaluated outcomes of AWR using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for mesh reinforcement and identified predictors of hernia recurrence (HR), surgical site occurrences (SSOs), and surgical site infections (SSIs).STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent AWR using ADM, from March 2005 to June 2019. Outcomes were compared between Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wound classifications. The primary outcome measure was HR. Secondary outcomes were SSOs and SSIs.RESULTS: We identified 725 AWRs using ADM that met the study criteria. Participants had a mean age of 60 ± 11.5 years, mean BMI of 31 ± 7 kg/m
2, and mean follow-up time of 42 ± 29 months. Three hundred two patients (41.6%) had clean defects, 322 patients (44.4%) had clean-contaminated defects, and 101 patients (13.9%) had contaminated/dirty-infected defects. Patients with contaminated/dirty-infected defects had an HR rate of 20.8%, SSO rate of 54.5%, and SSI rate of 23.8%. Multivariate logistic regression found that contaminated/dirty-infected defects were independent predictors of SSOs (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.72-5.18; p < 0.0001) and SSIs (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.27-4.25; p = 0.006), but not HR (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.57-1.98; p = 0.859).
CONCLUSIONS: SSIs and SSOs increase as contamination levels rise, but the risk of HR does not. AWR with ADM provides safe and durable outcomes, even with increasing levels of contamination.
AB - BACKGROUND: Patients with contaminated/dirty-infected defects are at high risk for postoperative complications after abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). We evaluated outcomes of AWR using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for mesh reinforcement and identified predictors of hernia recurrence (HR), surgical site occurrences (SSOs), and surgical site infections (SSIs).STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent AWR using ADM, from March 2005 to June 2019. Outcomes were compared between Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wound classifications. The primary outcome measure was HR. Secondary outcomes were SSOs and SSIs.RESULTS: We identified 725 AWRs using ADM that met the study criteria. Participants had a mean age of 60 ± 11.5 years, mean BMI of 31 ± 7 kg/m
2, and mean follow-up time of 42 ± 29 months. Three hundred two patients (41.6%) had clean defects, 322 patients (44.4%) had clean-contaminated defects, and 101 patients (13.9%) had contaminated/dirty-infected defects. Patients with contaminated/dirty-infected defects had an HR rate of 20.8%, SSO rate of 54.5%, and SSI rate of 23.8%. Multivariate logistic regression found that contaminated/dirty-infected defects were independent predictors of SSOs (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.72-5.18; p < 0.0001) and SSIs (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.27-4.25; p = 0.006), but not HR (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.57-1.98; p = 0.859).
CONCLUSIONS: SSIs and SSOs increase as contamination levels rise, but the risk of HR does not. AWR with ADM provides safe and durable outcomes, even with increasing levels of contamination.
KW - Abdominal Wall/surgery
KW - Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques
KW - Acellular Dermis
KW - Aged
KW - Female
KW - Follow-Up Studies
KW - Hernia, Abdominal/surgery
KW - Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Protective Factors
KW - Recurrence
KW - Retrospective Studies
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Surgical Wound/microbiology
KW - Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology
KW - Treatment Outcome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115963473&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85115963473&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.08.679
DO - 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.08.679
M3 - Article
C2 - 34530123
AN - SCOPUS:85115963473
SN - 1072-7515
VL - 233
SP - 676
EP - 684
JO - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
JF - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
IS - 6
ER -