Deep brain stimulation in other neurological and psychiatric conditions

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the sub-thalamic nucleus, globus pallidus internus, and thalamus are accepted treatments for movement disorders, including tremor, Parkinson's disease, and dystonia. DBS has also been implanted into these and other brain locations for a variety of other neurologic and psychiatric conditions. There is very good evidence supporting efficacy for obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome. There is good evidence supporting use for depression, seizures and tardive dyskinesia. There is less evidence supporting DBS for dementia, restless legs syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anorexia nervosa. This chapter will explore current knowledge of DBS for these indications, emphasizing clinical data and practical considerations. It is important to note that only Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia and obsessive compulsive disorders are currently approved indications by European and US regulatory agencies.