Compressibility effects on the structural evolution of transitional high-speed planar wakes

The compressibility effects on the structural evolution of the transitional high-speed planar wake are studied. The relative Mach number of the laminar base flow modifies two fundamental features of planar wake transition: (i) the characteristic length scale defined by the most unstable linear mode; and (ii) the domain of influence of the structures within the staggered two-dimensional vortex array. Linear stability results reveal a reduced growth (approximately 30 % reduction up to ) and a quasilinear increase of the wavelength of the most unstable, two-dimensional instability mode (approximately 20 % longer over the same range) with increasing . The primary wavelength defines the length scale imposed on the emerging transitional structures; naturally, a longer wavelength results in rollers with a greater streamwise separation and hence also larger circulation. A reduction of the growth rate and an increase of the principal wavelength results in a greater ellipticity of the emerging rollers. Compressibility effects also modify the domain of influence of the transitional structures through an increased cross-wake and inhibited streamwise communication as characteristic paths between rollers are deflected due to local gradients. The reduced streamwise domain of influence impedes roller pairing and, for a sufficiently large relative , pairing is completely suppressed. Thus, we observe an increased two-dimensionality with increasing Mach number: directly contrasting the increasing three-dimensional effects in high-speed mixing layers. Temporally evolving direct numerical simulations conducted at and 2.0, for Reynolds numbers up to 3000, support the physical insight gained from linear stability and vortex dynamics studies.