TY - JOUR
T1 - Complement activation by PEG-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes is independent of PEG molecular mass and surface density
AU - Andersen, Alina J.
AU - Windschiegl, Barbara
AU - Ilbasmis-Tamer, Sibel
AU - Degim, Ismail T.
AU - Hunter, Alan Christy
AU - Andresen, Thomas L.
AU - Moghimi, Seyed Moein
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (Det Strategiske Forskningsråd) , reference 09-065746 (to SMM), is gratefully acknowledged. AJA is a recipient of PhD scholarship award from the University of Copenhagen.
Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/5
Y1 - 2013/5
N2 - Carboxylated (4%) multi-walled carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol)1000 (PEG1000), PEG1500 and PEG4000 with a PEG loading of approximately 11% in all cases. PEG loading generated non-uniform and heterogeneous higher surface structures and increased nanotube width considerably, but all PEGylated nanotube species activated the complement system in human serum equally. Increased PEG loading, through adsorption of methoxyPEG2000(or 5000)-phospholipid conjugates, generated fewer complement activation products; however, complement activation was never completely eliminated. Our observations address the difficulty in making carbon nanotubes more compatible with innate immunity through covalent PEG functionalization as well as double PEGylation strategies.
AB - Carboxylated (4%) multi-walled carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol)1000 (PEG1000), PEG1500 and PEG4000 with a PEG loading of approximately 11% in all cases. PEG loading generated non-uniform and heterogeneous higher surface structures and increased nanotube width considerably, but all PEGylated nanotube species activated the complement system in human serum equally. Increased PEG loading, through adsorption of methoxyPEG2000(or 5000)-phospholipid conjugates, generated fewer complement activation products; however, complement activation was never completely eliminated. Our observations address the difficulty in making carbon nanotubes more compatible with innate immunity through covalent PEG functionalization as well as double PEGylation strategies.
KW - Atomic force microscope
KW - Carbon nanotubes
KW - Complement system
KW - Innate immunity
KW - Poly(ethylene glycol)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84876719486&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84876719486&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.011
DO - 10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 23434678
AN - SCOPUS:84876719486
SN - 1549-9634
VL - 9
SP - 469
EP - 473
JO - Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
JF - Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
IS - 4
ER -