Comparison of Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes after Resection in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated in the United States, France, and Japan

Objective: To compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes after resection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated in the United States, France, and Japan. Summary Background Data: Some epidemiologic data suggests that HCC in different regions of the world may represent different forms of the disease. Methods: We compared the patient and tumor characteristics, underlying liver damage, and surgical outcomes of 586 patients who underwent resection of HCC from a multi-institutional database. Results: A total of 169 patients were treated in the United States, 187 in France, and 230 in Japan. The median tumor size for patients treated in the United States was 8 cm, compared with 6 cm and 3.5 cm in France and Japan, respectively (P < 0.001); 20%, 38%, and 74% of patients in the United States, France, and Japan, respectively, had positive hepatitis C serology (P < 0.001). In addition, 65% of patients in Japan had severe fibrosis/cirrhosis in the adjacent liver compared with 52% and 23% of patients in France and the United States, respectively (P < 0.001). There was no association between site of treatment and 30-day (P = 0.4) or 1-year mortality (P = 0.3). The 5-year survival of patients treated in United States, France, and Japan was not statistically different (31% vs. 31% vs. 41%, respectively; P = 0.3). Conclusions: Although the etiology of HCC and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients treated at western and eastern centers vary widely, postresection 5-year survival is similar when controlling for these factors. Future studies should account for histopathologic differences using uniform criteria to allow better comparison of results.