TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative Effectiveness and Risks of Bowel Preparation before Elective Colorectal Surgery
AU - Koller, Sarah E.
AU - Bauer, Katherine W.
AU - Egleston, Brian L.
AU - Smith, Radhika
AU - Philp, Matthew M.
AU - Ross, Howard M.
AU - Esnaola, Nestor F.
N1 - Funding Information:
From the *Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; †University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; zFox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; §The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and ôTemple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, grant P30CA006927. Conflicts of interest: Howard Ross, MD, has received honoraria from Intuitive Surgical. Nestor Esnaola, MD, has received honoraria from Merck and Celgene. For the remaining authors none were declared. Reprints: Nestor F. Esnaola, MD, MPH, MBA, Department of Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health 333 Cottman Avenue – C308, Philadelphia, PA 19111. E-mail: Nestor.Esnaola@fccc.edu. Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0003-4932/17/26704-0734 DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002159
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/4/1
Y1 - 2018/4/1
N2 - Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bowel preparation and surgical site infections (SSIs), and also other postoperative complications, after elective colorectal surgery. Background: SSI is a major source of postoperative morbidity/costs after colorectal surgery. The value of preoperative bowel preparation to prevent SSI remains controversial. Methods: We analyzed 32,359 patients who underwent elective colorectal resections in the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2014. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed; propensity adjustment using patient/procedure characteristics was used to account for nonrandom receipt of bowel preparation. Results: 26.7%, 36.6%, 3.8%, and 32.9% of patients received no bowel preparation, mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), oral antibiotics (OA), and MBP + OA, respectively. After propensity adjustment, MBP was not associated with decreased risk of SSI compared with no bowel preparation. In contrast, both OA and OA + MBP were associated with decreased risk of any SSI (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.64; and adjusted odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.40-0.50, respectively) compared with no bowel preparation. OA and MBP + OA were associated with decreased risks of anastomotic leak, postoperative ileus, readmission, and also shorter length of stay (all P < 0.05). Bowel preparation was not associated with increased risk of cardiac/renal complications compared with no preparation. Conclusions: The use of MBP alone before elective colorectal resection to prevent SSI is ineffective and should be abandoned. In contrast, OA and MBP + OA are associated with decreased risks of SSI and are not associated with increased risks of other adverse outcomes compared with no preparation. Prospective studies to determine the efficacy of OA are warranted; in the interim, MBP + OA should be used routinely before elective colorectal resection to prevent SSI.
AB - Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bowel preparation and surgical site infections (SSIs), and also other postoperative complications, after elective colorectal surgery. Background: SSI is a major source of postoperative morbidity/costs after colorectal surgery. The value of preoperative bowel preparation to prevent SSI remains controversial. Methods: We analyzed 32,359 patients who underwent elective colorectal resections in the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2014. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed; propensity adjustment using patient/procedure characteristics was used to account for nonrandom receipt of bowel preparation. Results: 26.7%, 36.6%, 3.8%, and 32.9% of patients received no bowel preparation, mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), oral antibiotics (OA), and MBP + OA, respectively. After propensity adjustment, MBP was not associated with decreased risk of SSI compared with no bowel preparation. In contrast, both OA and OA + MBP were associated with decreased risk of any SSI (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.64; and adjusted odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.40-0.50, respectively) compared with no bowel preparation. OA and MBP + OA were associated with decreased risks of anastomotic leak, postoperative ileus, readmission, and also shorter length of stay (all P < 0.05). Bowel preparation was not associated with increased risk of cardiac/renal complications compared with no preparation. Conclusions: The use of MBP alone before elective colorectal resection to prevent SSI is ineffective and should be abandoned. In contrast, OA and MBP + OA are associated with decreased risks of SSI and are not associated with increased risks of other adverse outcomes compared with no preparation. Prospective studies to determine the efficacy of OA are warranted; in the interim, MBP + OA should be used routinely before elective colorectal resection to prevent SSI.
KW - bowel preparation
KW - colorectal surgery
KW - surgical site infection
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U2 - 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002159
DO - 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002159
M3 - Article
C2 - 28151800
AN - SCOPUS:85011674784
VL - 267
SP - 734
EP - 742
JO - Annals of surgery
JF - Annals of surgery
SN - 0003-4932
IS - 4
ER -