Clinical characteristics of leg restlessness in Parkinson's disease compared with idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome

Objective There is limited data on motor restlessness in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we evaluate for clinical differences between cohorts of idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome (iRLS), PD patients with leg restlessness, and PD with RLS. Methods We examined 276 consecutive PD patients for leg restlessness symptoms, we compared clinical features of PD patients with RLS, PD patients with leg restlessness but not meeting RLS criteria, PD patient without RLS and iRLS. Results A total of 262 PD patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were analyzed. After excluding 23 possible secondary RLS or mimics, 28 were diagnosed with RLS and 18 with leg motor restlessness (LMR). Compared with iRLS patients, PD patients with RLS or LMR had older age of RLS/LMR onset, shorter duration of leg restlessness, less positive family history, different seasonal trends and more unilaterality of leg restlessness symptom (P < 0.01) which were often in accordance with dominant Parkinsonism side and related with Parkinsonism severity. PD patients with RLS/LMR had lower daily dosage (P < 0.01) and shorter duration (P < 0.05) of dopaminergic medication when RLS/LMR symptom onset than PD without leg restlessness. PD with LMR had less severe Parkinsonism (P < 0.05) and leg restlessness (P < 0.01) symptoms than PD with RLS. Conclusion Clinical characteristics of PD patients with RLS and LMR were different from iRLS, differentiating these various subtypes can facilitate optimal treatment.