Chemical and Biological Sensors Based on Electrochemical Detection Using Conducting Electroactive Polymers

Sean Brahim; Ann M. Wilson; Dyer Narinesingh; Emmanuel Iwuoha; Anthony Guiseppi-Elie

doi:10.1007/s00604-003-0065-6

Chemical and Biological Sensors Based on Electrochemical Detection Using Conducting Electroactive Polymers

Sean Brahim, Ann M. Wilson, Dyer Narinesingh, Emmanuel Iwuoha, Anthony Guiseppi-Elie

Academic Institute

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

55 Scopus citations

Abstract

The electrochemical behavior of composites of conducting electroactive polyaniline (PAn) and polypyrrole (PPy) formulated within cross-linked hydrogel networks was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Composite PAn gels displayed similar anodic charge density compared to the pristine conducting polymer (80 mC/cm² and 84 mC/cm², respectively), suggesting a similar degree of electroactivity between the two systems. Composite gels of PAn displayed fast cation transport with K⁺ diffusivity (D_appt= 5.31 × 10^-7 cm²s^-1) that were three orders of magnitude larger than that of pristine PAn (D_appt= 3.12 × 10^-10 cm²s^-1), while PPy composite gels showed similar ferrocene anion diffusivity (D_appt= 7.05 x 10^-5 cm²s^-1) compared to electropolymerized PPy (D _appt=6.54 × 10^-5 cm²s ^-1). The electrochemical interactions between CYP2D6, a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme, and fluoxetine mediated by electroactive polyaniline films on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated. Cyclic voltammograms indicate that PAn is an effective mediator of CYP2D6 activity under anaerobic conditions. An analytical interrogation methodology based on small-amplitude, pulsed DC was developed and incorporated into the Electroconductive Polymer Sensor Interrogation System (EPSIS). Polypyrrole membranes were rendered biospecific by either copolymerization of pyrrole (Py) with 4-(1-pyrrolyl) butyric acid (4PyBA), followed by direct conjugation with 5-(biotinamido)pentyl amine (5BPA), or by reacting 4PyBA with 5BPA to form pyrrolyl-biotin conjugates. The biotinylated PPy was made responsive to glucose or urea by exploiting strong biotin-streptavidin binding to either streptavidin-glucose oxidase or biotin-urease conjugates. These bioactive conducting polymer membranes were demonstrated as conductimetric glucose and urea biosensing layers using the EPSIS. The rate of conductivity of the bioactive PPy membranes was observed to double upon increasing glucose concentration from 100 μM (4 × 10 ^-6 S cm^-1 s^-1) to 600 μM (9 × 10 ^-6 S cm^-1 s^-1).

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	123-137
Number of pages	15
Journal	Microchimica Acta
Volume	143
Issue number	2-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-003-0065-6
State	Published - 2003

Keywords

Cyclic voltammetry
EPSIS
Electroactive polymers
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Electroconductive
Hydrogel
Polyaniline
Polymer composites
Polypyrrole

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry

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10.1007/s00604-003-0065-6

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@article{c36c60e1d93746d7be77e67c3688f957,

title = "Chemical and Biological Sensors Based on Electrochemical Detection Using Conducting Electroactive Polymers",

abstract = "The electrochemical behavior of composites of conducting electroactive polyaniline (PAn) and polypyrrole (PPy) formulated within cross-linked hydrogel networks was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Composite PAn gels displayed similar anodic charge density compared to the pristine conducting polymer (80 mC/cm2 and 84 mC/cm2, respectively), suggesting a similar degree of electroactivity between the two systems. Composite gels of PAn displayed fast cation transport with K+ diffusivity (Dappt= 5.31 × 10-7 cm2s-1) that were three orders of magnitude larger than that of pristine PAn (Dappt= 3.12 × 10-10 cm2s-1), while PPy composite gels showed similar ferrocene anion diffusivity (Dappt= 7.05 x 10-5 cm2s-1) compared to electropolymerized PPy (D appt=6.54 × 10-5 cm2s -1). The electrochemical interactions between CYP2D6, a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme, and fluoxetine mediated by electroactive polyaniline films on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated. Cyclic voltammograms indicate that PAn is an effective mediator of CYP2D6 activity under anaerobic conditions. An analytical interrogation methodology based on small-amplitude, pulsed DC was developed and incorporated into the Electroconductive Polymer Sensor Interrogation System (EPSIS). Polypyrrole membranes were rendered biospecific by either copolymerization of pyrrole (Py) with 4-(1-pyrrolyl) butyric acid (4PyBA), followed by direct conjugation with 5-(biotinamido)pentyl amine (5BPA), or by reacting 4PyBA with 5BPA to form pyrrolyl-biotin conjugates. The biotinylated PPy was made responsive to glucose or urea by exploiting strong biotin-streptavidin binding to either streptavidin-glucose oxidase or biotin-urease conjugates. These bioactive conducting polymer membranes were demonstrated as conductimetric glucose and urea biosensing layers using the EPSIS. The rate of conductivity of the bioactive PPy membranes was observed to double upon increasing glucose concentration from 100 μM (4 × 10 -6 S cm-1 s-1) to 600 μM (9 × 10 -6 S cm-1 s-1).",

keywords = "Cyclic voltammetry, EPSIS, Electroactive polymers, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Electroconductive, Hydrogel, Polyaniline, Polymer composites, Polypyrrole",

author = "Sean Brahim and Wilson, {Ann M.} and Dyer Narinesingh and Emmanuel Iwuoha and Anthony Guiseppi-Elie",

year = "2003",

doi = "10.1007/s00604-003-0065-6",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "143",

pages = "123--137",

journal = "Microchimica Acta",

issn = "0026-3672",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Chemical and Biological Sensors Based on Electrochemical Detection Using Conducting Electroactive Polymers

AU - Brahim, Sean

AU - Wilson, Ann M.

AU - Narinesingh, Dyer

AU - Iwuoha, Emmanuel

AU - Guiseppi-Elie, Anthony

PY - 2003

Y1 - 2003

N2 - The electrochemical behavior of composites of conducting electroactive polyaniline (PAn) and polypyrrole (PPy) formulated within cross-linked hydrogel networks was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Composite PAn gels displayed similar anodic charge density compared to the pristine conducting polymer (80 mC/cm2 and 84 mC/cm2, respectively), suggesting a similar degree of electroactivity between the two systems. Composite gels of PAn displayed fast cation transport with K+ diffusivity (Dappt= 5.31 × 10-7 cm2s-1) that were three orders of magnitude larger than that of pristine PAn (Dappt= 3.12 × 10-10 cm2s-1), while PPy composite gels showed similar ferrocene anion diffusivity (Dappt= 7.05 x 10-5 cm2s-1) compared to electropolymerized PPy (D appt=6.54 × 10-5 cm2s -1). The electrochemical interactions between CYP2D6, a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme, and fluoxetine mediated by electroactive polyaniline films on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated. Cyclic voltammograms indicate that PAn is an effective mediator of CYP2D6 activity under anaerobic conditions. An analytical interrogation methodology based on small-amplitude, pulsed DC was developed and incorporated into the Electroconductive Polymer Sensor Interrogation System (EPSIS). Polypyrrole membranes were rendered biospecific by either copolymerization of pyrrole (Py) with 4-(1-pyrrolyl) butyric acid (4PyBA), followed by direct conjugation with 5-(biotinamido)pentyl amine (5BPA), or by reacting 4PyBA with 5BPA to form pyrrolyl-biotin conjugates. The biotinylated PPy was made responsive to glucose or urea by exploiting strong biotin-streptavidin binding to either streptavidin-glucose oxidase or biotin-urease conjugates. These bioactive conducting polymer membranes were demonstrated as conductimetric glucose and urea biosensing layers using the EPSIS. The rate of conductivity of the bioactive PPy membranes was observed to double upon increasing glucose concentration from 100 μM (4 × 10 -6 S cm-1 s-1) to 600 μM (9 × 10 -6 S cm-1 s-1).

AB - The electrochemical behavior of composites of conducting electroactive polyaniline (PAn) and polypyrrole (PPy) formulated within cross-linked hydrogel networks was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Composite PAn gels displayed similar anodic charge density compared to the pristine conducting polymer (80 mC/cm2 and 84 mC/cm2, respectively), suggesting a similar degree of electroactivity between the two systems. Composite gels of PAn displayed fast cation transport with K+ diffusivity (Dappt= 5.31 × 10-7 cm2s-1) that were three orders of magnitude larger than that of pristine PAn (Dappt= 3.12 × 10-10 cm2s-1), while PPy composite gels showed similar ferrocene anion diffusivity (Dappt= 7.05 x 10-5 cm2s-1) compared to electropolymerized PPy (D appt=6.54 × 10-5 cm2s -1). The electrochemical interactions between CYP2D6, a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme, and fluoxetine mediated by electroactive polyaniline films on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated. Cyclic voltammograms indicate that PAn is an effective mediator of CYP2D6 activity under anaerobic conditions. An analytical interrogation methodology based on small-amplitude, pulsed DC was developed and incorporated into the Electroconductive Polymer Sensor Interrogation System (EPSIS). Polypyrrole membranes were rendered biospecific by either copolymerization of pyrrole (Py) with 4-(1-pyrrolyl) butyric acid (4PyBA), followed by direct conjugation with 5-(biotinamido)pentyl amine (5BPA), or by reacting 4PyBA with 5BPA to form pyrrolyl-biotin conjugates. The biotinylated PPy was made responsive to glucose or urea by exploiting strong biotin-streptavidin binding to either streptavidin-glucose oxidase or biotin-urease conjugates. These bioactive conducting polymer membranes were demonstrated as conductimetric glucose and urea biosensing layers using the EPSIS. The rate of conductivity of the bioactive PPy membranes was observed to double upon increasing glucose concentration from 100 μM (4 × 10 -6 S cm-1 s-1) to 600 μM (9 × 10 -6 S cm-1 s-1).

KW - Cyclic voltammetry

KW - EPSIS

KW - Electroactive polymers

KW - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

KW - Electroconductive

KW - Hydrogel

KW - Polyaniline

KW - Polymer composites

KW - Polypyrrole

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U2 - 10.1007/s00604-003-0065-6

DO - 10.1007/s00604-003-0065-6

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:1542726121

SN - 0026-3672

VL - 143

SP - 123

EP - 137

JO - Microchimica Acta

JF - Microchimica Acta

IS - 2-3

ER -

Chemical and Biological Sensors Based on Electrochemical Detection Using Conducting Electroactive Polymers

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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