TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of nanochannel delivery membrane systems for the sustained release of resveratrol and atorvastatin
T2 - New perspectives on promoting heart health
AU - Sih, Juliana
AU - Bansal, Shyam S.
AU - Filipini, Stefano
AU - Ferrati, Silvia
AU - Raghuwansi, Kunal
AU - Zabre, Erika
AU - Nicolov, Eugenia
AU - Fine, Daniel
AU - Ferrari, Mauro
AU - Palapattu, Ganesh
AU - Grattoni, Alessandro
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments The authors express their heartfelt gratitude to Thomas Geninatti for his help in the preparation of the three-dimensional schematic of the membrane, to Lee Hudson for his support with the gas testing, and to Sharath Hosali for fabrication of the membranes. This work was supported with funds from NASA (NNJ06HEA and NNX08AW91G) and NanoMedical Systems (NMS). Authors D.F., M.F., and A.G disclose a financial interest in NanoMedical Systems, Inc. Authors J.S., S.B., S.F., S.F., K.R., E.Z., E.N., and G.P. declare no competing financial interest.
PY - 2013/2
Y1 - 2013/2
N2 - Novel drug delivery systems capable of continuous sustained release of therapeutics have been studied extensively for use in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. The use of these systems holds promise as a means to achieve higher patient compliance while improving therapeutic index and reducing systemic toxicity. In this work, an implantable nanochannel drug delivery system (nDS) is characterized and evaluated for the long-term sustained release of atorvastatin (ATS) and trans-resveratrol (t-RES), compounds with a proven role in managing atherogenic dyslipidemia and promoting cardioprotection. The primary mediators of drug release in the nDS are nanofluidic membranes with hundreds of thousands of nanochannels (up to 100,000/mm2) that attain zero-order release kinetics by exploiting nanoconfinement and molecule-to-surface interactions that dominate diffusive transport at the nanoscale. These membranes were characterized using gas flow analysis, acetone diffusion, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). The surface properties of the dielectric materials lining the nanochannels, SiO 2 and low-stress silicon nitride, were further investigated using surface charge analysis. Continuous, sustained in vitro release for both ATS and t-RES was established for durations exceeding 1 month. Finally, the influence of the membranes on cell viability was assessed using human microvascular endothelial cells. Morphology changes and adhesion to the surface were analyzed using SEM, while an MTT proliferation assay was used to determine the cell viability. The nanochannel delivery approach, here demonstrated in vitro, not only possesses all requirements for large-scale high-yield industrial fabrication, but also presents the key components for a rapid clinical translation as an implantable delivery system for the sustained administration of cardioprotectants.
AB - Novel drug delivery systems capable of continuous sustained release of therapeutics have been studied extensively for use in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. The use of these systems holds promise as a means to achieve higher patient compliance while improving therapeutic index and reducing systemic toxicity. In this work, an implantable nanochannel drug delivery system (nDS) is characterized and evaluated for the long-term sustained release of atorvastatin (ATS) and trans-resveratrol (t-RES), compounds with a proven role in managing atherogenic dyslipidemia and promoting cardioprotection. The primary mediators of drug release in the nDS are nanofluidic membranes with hundreds of thousands of nanochannels (up to 100,000/mm2) that attain zero-order release kinetics by exploiting nanoconfinement and molecule-to-surface interactions that dominate diffusive transport at the nanoscale. These membranes were characterized using gas flow analysis, acetone diffusion, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). The surface properties of the dielectric materials lining the nanochannels, SiO 2 and low-stress silicon nitride, were further investigated using surface charge analysis. Continuous, sustained in vitro release for both ATS and t-RES was established for durations exceeding 1 month. Finally, the influence of the membranes on cell viability was assessed using human microvascular endothelial cells. Morphology changes and adhesion to the surface were analyzed using SEM, while an MTT proliferation assay was used to determine the cell viability. The nanochannel delivery approach, here demonstrated in vitro, not only possesses all requirements for large-scale high-yield industrial fabrication, but also presents the key components for a rapid clinical translation as an implantable delivery system for the sustained administration of cardioprotectants.
KW - Cardioprotection
KW - Drug delivery
KW - Implants
KW - Nanochannel membranes
KW - Sustained release
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U2 - 10.1007/s00216-012-6484-7
DO - 10.1007/s00216-012-6484-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 23090650
AN - SCOPUS:84873705764
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 405
SP - 1547
EP - 1557
JO - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
IS - 5
ER -