TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of the severity of native mitral valve regurgitation
AU - El-Tallawi, Kinan Carlos
AU - Messika-Zeitoun, David
AU - Zoghbi, William A.
PY - 2017/11
Y1 - 2017/11
N2 - Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. MR is classified as primary (organic) if it is due to an intrinsic valve abnormality, or secondary (functional) if the etiology is because of remodeling of left ventricular geometry and/or valve annulus. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial modality for MR evaluation. Parameters used for the assessment of MR include valve structure, cardiac remodeling, and color and spectral Doppler. Quantitative measurements include effective regurgitant orifice area, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant fraction. Knowledge of advantages and limitations of echo-Doppler parameters is essential for accurate results. An integrative approach is recommended in overall grading of MR as mild, moderate, or severe since singular parameters may be affected by several factors. When the mechanism and/or grade of MR is unclear from the TTE or is discrepant with the clinical scenario, further evaluation with transesophageal echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is recommended, the latter emerging as a powerful MR quantitation tool.
AB - Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. MR is classified as primary (organic) if it is due to an intrinsic valve abnormality, or secondary (functional) if the etiology is because of remodeling of left ventricular geometry and/or valve annulus. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial modality for MR evaluation. Parameters used for the assessment of MR include valve structure, cardiac remodeling, and color and spectral Doppler. Quantitative measurements include effective regurgitant orifice area, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant fraction. Knowledge of advantages and limitations of echo-Doppler parameters is essential for accurate results. An integrative approach is recommended in overall grading of MR as mild, moderate, or severe since singular parameters may be affected by several factors. When the mechanism and/or grade of MR is unclear from the TTE or is discrepant with the clinical scenario, further evaluation with transesophageal echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is recommended, the latter emerging as a powerful MR quantitation tool.
KW - Cardiac magnetic resonance
KW - Echocardiography
KW - Mitral regurgitation
KW - Mitral valve
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85036619914&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85036619914&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.11.005
DO - 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.11.005
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29174559
AN - SCOPUS:85036619914
SN - 0033-0620
VL - 60
SP - 322
EP - 333
JO - Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
JF - Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
IS - 3
ER -