Arteriovenous access and catheter complications

In this chapter, we highlight the wide array of complications that are associated with dialysis accesses, both catheters and arteriovenous fistulas. We discuss how the complications are diagnosed, the risk factors, and an overview of available treatment modalities. More importantly, we discuss "good practices" and techniques that can be used to mitigate the complications that are presented. Through a broad literature review, we discuss our experiences with the pertinent complications and spotlight relevant data and randomized controlled trials. We also present emerging technologies that have recently reached the market and show promise in mitigating complex issues related to creating and maintaining reliable dialysis access. Ultimately, our goal in this chapter is to draw attention to the importance of persistent vigilance in the longitudinal care for end-stage renal disease patients, free of the morbidities that come with the need for dialysis.