TY - JOUR
T1 - Applications of the in vitro aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction assay for determining "2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin equivalents"
T2 - Pyrolyzed brominated flame retardants
AU - Zacharewski, T.
AU - Harris, M.
AU - Safe, S.
AU - Thoma, H.
AU - Hutzinger, O.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and the Chester Reed Endowment.
Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1988/10
Y1 - 1988/10
N2 - The pyrolysis of brominated flame retardants FR 300 BA (decabromobiphenyl) ether, FireMaster BP-6 (polybrominated biphenyls), Bromkal 70-5-DE (primarily pentabromodiphenylether), Bromkal 70-DE (primarily penta and tetrabromodiphenylether) and Bromkal G1 (pentabromodiphenylether) resulted in the formation of relatively high levels of polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. The dose response EC50 values for the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) by the flame retardant pyrolysates was determined in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells and compared to the relative induction activities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the concentrations of "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents" were calculated. The range of "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents" levels (μg/g or ppm) derived from values obtained from the AHH and EROD bioassays for each of the pyrolyzed flame retardant samples was: 174-194, 480-1400, 2140-4680, 8780 and 3920-5260 ppm for FR 300 BA, FireMaster BP-6, Bromkal 70 DE, Bromkal 70-5 DE and Bromkal G1, respectively. The in vivo dose-response effects of 2 pyrolyzed flame retardants were determined in immature male Wistar rats and compared to the dose-response activities of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The in vivo responses which were measured included hepatic microsomal AHH and EROD.
AB - The pyrolysis of brominated flame retardants FR 300 BA (decabromobiphenyl) ether, FireMaster BP-6 (polybrominated biphenyls), Bromkal 70-5-DE (primarily pentabromodiphenylether), Bromkal 70-DE (primarily penta and tetrabromodiphenylether) and Bromkal G1 (pentabromodiphenylether) resulted in the formation of relatively high levels of polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. The dose response EC50 values for the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) by the flame retardant pyrolysates was determined in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells and compared to the relative induction activities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the concentrations of "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents" were calculated. The range of "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents" levels (μg/g or ppm) derived from values obtained from the AHH and EROD bioassays for each of the pyrolyzed flame retardant samples was: 174-194, 480-1400, 2140-4680, 8780 and 3920-5260 ppm for FR 300 BA, FireMaster BP-6, Bromkal 70 DE, Bromkal 70-5 DE and Bromkal G1, respectively. The in vivo dose-response effects of 2 pyrolyzed flame retardants were determined in immature male Wistar rats and compared to the dose-response activities of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The in vivo responses which were measured included hepatic microsomal AHH and EROD.
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U2 - 10.1016/0300-483X(88)90148-5
DO - 10.1016/0300-483X(88)90148-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 2845603
AN - SCOPUS:0023680041
SN - 0300-483X
VL - 51
SP - 177
EP - 189
JO - Toxicology
JF - Toxicology
IS - 2-3
ER -