TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of clonality and antibiotic resistance among early clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium in the United States
AU - Galloway-Peña, Jessica R.
AU - Nallapareddy, Sreedhar R.
AU - Arias, Cesar A.
AU - Eliopoulos, George M.
AU - Murray, Barbara E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant R01 AI067861 to B.E.M.); NIAID K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award (grant 1K99-AI72961 to C.A.A.); Molecular Basis of Infectious Diseases Training Grant (grant T32 AI55449 to J.G.P.). The sequencing work was performed in a facility supported by an NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (grant UL1 RR024148).
PY - 2009/11
Y1 - 2009/11
N2 - Background: The Enterococcus faecium genogroup, referred to as clonal complex 17 (CC17), seems to possess multiple determinants that increase its ability to survive and cause disease in nosocomial environments. Methods: Using 53 clinical and geographically diverse US E. faecium isolates dating from 1971 to 1994, we determined the multilocus sequence type; the presence of 16 putative virulence genes (hyl Efm, esp Efm, and fms genes); resistance to ampicillin (AMP) and vancomycin (VAN); and high-level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin. Results: Overall, 16 different sequence types (STs), mostly CC17 isolates, were identified in 9 different regions of the United States. The earliest CC17 isolates were part of an outbreak that occurred in 1982 in Richmond, Virginia. The characteristics of CC17 isolates included increases in resistance to AMP, the presence of hyl Efm and esp Efm, emergence of resistance to VAN, and the presence of at least 13 of 14 fms genes. Eight of 41 of the early isolates with resistance to AMP, however, were not in CC17. Conclusions: Although not all early US AMP isolates were clonally related, E. faecium CC17 isolates have been circulating in the United States since at least 1982 and appear to have progressively acquired additional virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants, perhaps explaining the recent success of this species in the hospital environment.
AB - Background: The Enterococcus faecium genogroup, referred to as clonal complex 17 (CC17), seems to possess multiple determinants that increase its ability to survive and cause disease in nosocomial environments. Methods: Using 53 clinical and geographically diverse US E. faecium isolates dating from 1971 to 1994, we determined the multilocus sequence type; the presence of 16 putative virulence genes (hyl Efm, esp Efm, and fms genes); resistance to ampicillin (AMP) and vancomycin (VAN); and high-level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin. Results: Overall, 16 different sequence types (STs), mostly CC17 isolates, were identified in 9 different regions of the United States. The earliest CC17 isolates were part of an outbreak that occurred in 1982 in Richmond, Virginia. The characteristics of CC17 isolates included increases in resistance to AMP, the presence of hyl Efm and esp Efm, emergence of resistance to VAN, and the presence of at least 13 of 14 fms genes. Eight of 41 of the early isolates with resistance to AMP, however, were not in CC17. Conclusions: Although not all early US AMP isolates were clonally related, E. faecium CC17 isolates have been circulating in the United States since at least 1982 and appear to have progressively acquired additional virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants, perhaps explaining the recent success of this species in the hospital environment.
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U2 - 10.1086/644790
DO - 10.1086/644790
M3 - Article
C2 - 19821720
AN - SCOPUS:70449721887
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 200
SP - 1566
EP - 1573
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 10
ER -