TY - JOUR
T1 - An Update on the Utility of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring for Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction
AU - Kianoush, Sina
AU - Rifai, Mahmoud Al
AU - Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel
AU - Umapathi, Priya
AU - Graham, Garth
AU - Blumenthal, Roger S.
AU - Nasir, Khurram
AU - Blaha, Michael J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Michael J. Blaha declares grants from NIH/NHLBI, American Heart Association, Aetna Foundation, grants and personal fees from the FDA, and personal fees for Advisory Board work with Pfizer, Novartis, Aralez Pharmaceuticals, Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, and ISIS Pharmaceuticals.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Copyright:
Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/3/1
Y1 - 2016/3/1
N2 - Estimating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is necessary for determining the potential net benefit of primary prevention pharmacotherapy. Risk estimation relying exclusively on traditional CVD risk factors may misclassify risk, resulting in both undertreatment and overtreatment. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring personalizes risk prediction through direct visualization of calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaques and provides improved accuracy for coronary heart disease (CHD) or CVD risk estimation. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies on CAC, which unlike historical studies, focus sharply on clinical application. We describe the MESA CHD risk calculator, a recently developed CAC-based 10-year CHD risk estimator, which can help guide preventive therapy allocation by better identifying both high- and low-risk individuals. In closing, we discuss calcium density, regional distribution of CAC, and extra-coronary calcification, which represent the future of CAC and CVD risk assessment research and may lead to further improvements in risk prediction.
AB - Estimating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is necessary for determining the potential net benefit of primary prevention pharmacotherapy. Risk estimation relying exclusively on traditional CVD risk factors may misclassify risk, resulting in both undertreatment and overtreatment. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring personalizes risk prediction through direct visualization of calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaques and provides improved accuracy for coronary heart disease (CHD) or CVD risk estimation. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies on CAC, which unlike historical studies, focus sharply on clinical application. We describe the MESA CHD risk calculator, a recently developed CAC-based 10-year CHD risk estimator, which can help guide preventive therapy allocation by better identifying both high- and low-risk individuals. In closing, we discuss calcium density, regional distribution of CAC, and extra-coronary calcification, which represent the future of CAC and CVD risk assessment research and may lead to further improvements in risk prediction.
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Coronary artery calcium
KW - Coronary heart disease
KW - Primary prevention
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Statins
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U2 - 10.1007/s11883-016-0565-6
DO - 10.1007/s11883-016-0565-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26879079
AN - SCOPUS:84958246247
VL - 18
SP - 1
EP - 11
JO - Current Atherosclerosis Reports
JF - Current Atherosclerosis Reports
SN - 1523-3804
IS - 3
M1 - 13
ER -