TY - JOUR
T1 - An update on tardive dyskinesia
T2 - From phenomenology to treatment
AU - Waln, Olga
AU - Jankovic, Joseph
N1 - Funding Information:
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: josephj@bcm.edu Editor: Elan D. Louis, Columbia University, United States of America Received: February 24, 2013 Accepted: May 30, 2013 Published: July 12, 2013 Copyright: ’ 2013 Waln O, Jankovic J. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–Noncommercial–No Derivatives License, which permits the user to copy, distribute, and transmit the work provided that the original author(s) and source are credited; that no commercial use is made of the work; and that the work is not altered or transformed. Funding: None. Financial disclosures: During the past two years Dr. Jankovic has received Research and Center of Excellence Grants: Allergan, Inc.; Allon Therapeutics; Biotie Therapies, Inc.; Ceregene, Inc.; CHDI Foundation; Chelsea Therapeutics; Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation; GE Healthcare; Huntington’s Disease Society of America; Huntington Study Group; Impax Pharmaceuticals; Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lundbeck, Inc.; Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research; Medtronic; Merz Pharmaceuticals; National Institutes of Health; National Parkinson Foundation; Neurogen; St. Jude Medical; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; UCB Pharma; University of Rochester; Parkinson Study Group. Compensation/honoraria for services as a consultant or an advisory committee member: Allergan, Inc.; Auspex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Impax Pharmaceuticals; Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lundbeck, Inc.; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.; UCB Pharma, US World Meds. Dr. Jankovic has aslo received royalties from the following: Cambridge, Elsevier, Hodder Arnold, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, and Wiley-Blackwell. Conflict of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 Waln O, Jankovic J.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Tardive dyskinesia (TD), characterized by oro-buccal-lingual stereotypy, can manifest in the form of akathisia, dystonia, tics, tremor, chorea, or as a combination of different types of abnormal movements. In addition to movement disorders (including involuntary vocalizations), patients with TD may have a variety of sensory symptoms, such as urge to move (as in akathisia), paresthesias, and pain. TD is a form of tardive syndrome—a group of iatrogenic hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders caused by dopamine receptor-blocking agents. The pathophysiology of TD remains poorly understood, and treatment of this condition is often challenging. In this update, we provide the most current information on the history, nomenclature, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, phenomenology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of TD.
AB - Tardive dyskinesia (TD), characterized by oro-buccal-lingual stereotypy, can manifest in the form of akathisia, dystonia, tics, tremor, chorea, or as a combination of different types of abnormal movements. In addition to movement disorders (including involuntary vocalizations), patients with TD may have a variety of sensory symptoms, such as urge to move (as in akathisia), paresthesias, and pain. TD is a form of tardive syndrome—a group of iatrogenic hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders caused by dopamine receptor-blocking agents. The pathophysiology of TD remains poorly understood, and treatment of this condition is often challenging. In this update, we provide the most current information on the history, nomenclature, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, phenomenology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of TD.
KW - Akathisia
KW - Dopamine receptor-blocking agents
KW - Dystonia
KW - Neuroleptics
KW - Tardive dyskinesia
KW - Tardive syndrome
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U2 - 10.5334/TOHM.165
DO - 10.5334/TOHM.165
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85114484996
VL - 3
JO - Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)
JF - Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)
SN - 2160-8288
ER -