TY - JOUR
T1 - American Society of Retina Specialists Clinical Practice Guidelines on Multimodal Imaging for Retinal Disease
AU - Ramakrishnan, Meera S.
AU - Kovach, Jaclyn L.
AU - Wykoff, Charlie C.
AU - Berrocal, Audina M.
AU - Modi, Yasha S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/5/1
Y1 - 2024/5/1
N2 - Purpose: Advancements in retinal imaging have augmented our understanding of the pathology and structure–function relationships of retinal disease. No single diagnostic test is sufficient; rather, diagnostic and management strategies increasingly involve the synthesis of multiple imaging modalities. Methods: This literature review and editorial offer practical clinical guidelines for how the retina specialist can use multimodal imaging to manage retinal conditions. Results: Various imaging modalities offer information on different aspects of retinal structure and function. For example, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-scan ultrasonography can provide insights into the microstructural anatomy; fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and OCT angiography (OCTA) can reveal vascular integrity and perfusion status; and near-infrared reflectance and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) can characterize molecular components within tissues. Managing retinal vascular diseases often includes fundus photography, OCT, OCTA, and FA to evaluate for macular edema, retinal ischemia, and the secondary complications of neovascularization (NV). OCT and FAF play a key role in diagnosing and treating maculopathies. FA, OCTA, and ICGA can help identify macular NV, posterior uveitis, and choroidal venous insufficiency, which guides treatment strategies. Finally, OCT and B-scan ultrasonography can help with preoperative planning and prognostication in vitreoretinal surgical conditions. Conclusions: Today, the retina specialist has access to numerous retinal imaging modalities that can augment the clinical examination to help diagnose and manage retinal conditions. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of each modality is critical to maximizing its clinical utility.
AB - Purpose: Advancements in retinal imaging have augmented our understanding of the pathology and structure–function relationships of retinal disease. No single diagnostic test is sufficient; rather, diagnostic and management strategies increasingly involve the synthesis of multiple imaging modalities. Methods: This literature review and editorial offer practical clinical guidelines for how the retina specialist can use multimodal imaging to manage retinal conditions. Results: Various imaging modalities offer information on different aspects of retinal structure and function. For example, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-scan ultrasonography can provide insights into the microstructural anatomy; fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and OCT angiography (OCTA) can reveal vascular integrity and perfusion status; and near-infrared reflectance and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) can characterize molecular components within tissues. Managing retinal vascular diseases often includes fundus photography, OCT, OCTA, and FA to evaluate for macular edema, retinal ischemia, and the secondary complications of neovascularization (NV). OCT and FAF play a key role in diagnosing and treating maculopathies. FA, OCTA, and ICGA can help identify macular NV, posterior uveitis, and choroidal venous insufficiency, which guides treatment strategies. Finally, OCT and B-scan ultrasonography can help with preoperative planning and prognostication in vitreoretinal surgical conditions. Conclusions: Today, the retina specialist has access to numerous retinal imaging modalities that can augment the clinical examination to help diagnose and manage retinal conditions. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of each modality is critical to maximizing its clinical utility.
KW - fluorescein angiography
KW - fundus autofluorescence
KW - fundus photography
KW - indocyanine green angiography
KW - macular degeneration
KW - multimodal imaging
KW - optical coherence tomography
KW - optical coherence tomography angiography
KW - posterior uveitis
KW - retinal dystrophy
KW - retinal vascular disease
KW - ultra-widefield imaging
KW - vitreoretinal surgery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188467203&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85188467203&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/24741264241237012
U2 - 10.1177/24741264241237012
DO - 10.1177/24741264241237012
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85188467203
SN - 2474-1264
VL - 8
SP - 234
EP - 246
JO - Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases
JF - Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases
IS - 3
ER -