Advancements in Facial Trauma

Facial trauma is a public health concern. In 2017, more than 400,000 facial trauma patients visited the emergency room in the United States. Management and reconstruction are often challenging due to the severity of associated injuries and the complexity of facial anatomy. Restoring premorbid occlusion and facial symmetry is essential for optimum outcomes. Failure of anatomical reduction will lead to malocclusion, increased facial width, decreased facial height, enophthalmos, dystopia, and over- and/or under-projection of the face. Several technological advances have revolutionized the surgical management of facial trauma. Studies have shown the advantages, disadvantages, and cost-effectiveness of technological advancement for facial trauma managements, including computer-assisted surgical simulation, surgical navigation, intraoperative computed tomography, and patient-specific implant.