TY - JOUR
T1 - A Roadmap towards Standards for Neurally Controlled End Effectors
AU - Paek, Andrew Y.
AU - Brantley, Justin A.
AU - Sujatha Ravindran, Akshay
AU - Nathan, Kevin
AU - He, Yongtian
AU - Eguren, David
AU - Cruz-Garza, Jesus G.
AU - Nakagome, Sho
AU - Wickramasuriya, Dilranjan S.
AU - Chang, Jiajun
AU - Rashed-Al-Mahfuz, Md
AU - Amin, Md Rafiul
AU - Bhagat, Nikunj A.
AU - Contreras-Vidal, Jose L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the IUCRC BRAIN funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant #1650536, the IEEE Standards Association Industry Connections, the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, and the IEEE Brain Initiative. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor S. Micera.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 IEEE.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The control and manipulation of various types of end effectors such as powered exoskeletons, prostheses, and 'neural' cursors by brain-machine interface (BMI) systems has been the target of many research projects. A seamless 'plug and play' interface between any BMI and end effector is desired, wherein similar user's intent cause similar end effectors to behave identically. This report is based on the outcomes of an IEEE Standards Association Industry Connections working group on End Effectors for Brain-Machine Interfacing that convened to identify and address gaps in the existing standards for BMI-based solutions with a focus on the end-effector component. A roadmap towards standardization of end effectors for BMI systems is discussed by identifying current device standards that are applicable for end effectors. While current standards address basic electrical and mechanical safety, and to some extent, performance requirements, several gaps exist pertaining to unified terminologies, data communication protocols, patient safety and risk mitigation.
AB - The control and manipulation of various types of end effectors such as powered exoskeletons, prostheses, and 'neural' cursors by brain-machine interface (BMI) systems has been the target of many research projects. A seamless 'plug and play' interface between any BMI and end effector is desired, wherein similar user's intent cause similar end effectors to behave identically. This report is based on the outcomes of an IEEE Standards Association Industry Connections working group on End Effectors for Brain-Machine Interfacing that convened to identify and address gaps in the existing standards for BMI-based solutions with a focus on the end-effector component. A roadmap towards standardization of end effectors for BMI systems is discussed by identifying current device standards that are applicable for end effectors. While current standards address basic electrical and mechanical safety, and to some extent, performance requirements, several gaps exist pertaining to unified terminologies, data communication protocols, patient safety and risk mitigation.
KW - Brain-machine interface
KW - exoskeletons
KW - prosthetics
KW - robotics
KW - standards
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U2 - 10.1109/OJEMB.2021.3059161
DO - 10.1109/OJEMB.2021.3059161
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121059941
VL - 2
SP - 84
EP - 90
JO - IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology
JF - IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology
SN - 2644-1276
M1 - 9353987
ER -