东北虎豹国家公园东部的野猪生境利用和活动节律初步研究

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the most widely distributed large mammals in the world. It is one of the main ungulates and main prey of tigers in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park(NTLNP), We employ the occupancy model and Kenel-density estimation to obtain the variation of habitat use and daily activity rhythms of wild boar in eastern region of NTLNP, by analyzing the camera trapping data from May 2015 to April 2016 extracted from China Tiger and Leopard Observation Network(TLON).We study the effects of human factors, environmental factors and biological factors on wild boar habitat use. The results showed that wild boar prefers coniferous forests and conifer-broadleaf forests, and is more active around human settlements. Interspecific interactions have different impact on wild boar.Wild boar tend to avoid the predator, Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica), but Amur leopard(Panthera pardus orientalis) had a positive effect on wild boar. Sika deer (Cervus nippon) and roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) had opposite effects in different seasons on wild boars, for instance, sika deer had a negative impact on wild boars' occupation in winter while roe deer had a negative impact in summer. Moreover, the daily activity rhythms of wild boar had two peaks in summer and one peak in winter. The wild boar was mainly diurnal and crepuscular and reached the highest peak before sunset in this study area. Forest types, large carnivores and human factors have great influence on wild boar.The research would provide theoretical support of the protection and management of preys of Amur tiger in China.